1/Rosh Hashanah (“beginning of the year” in Hebrew) is a universal, stock-taking holiday of hope and renewal, celebrated onthe 6th day of The Creation, whenthe first human being, Adam, was produced.
Shana (שנה) is the root of the Hebrew words שנוי (change/transform) and שינון (rehearse): changing negative – and repeating positive – behavior.
The Shofar (ritual horn) is the key symbol of Rosh Hashanah, the Jubilee, Sabbatical years, new months, gathering people to the battlefield and the ingathering of Jews – symbols of Jewish unity.
On Rosh Hashanah, the Shofar gathers people to a soul-searching battle between positive and negative attitudes, sounding the gun for the Ten Days of Repentance between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, invoking the sounds of the Shofar on Mt. Sinai, when Moses received the Ten Commandments.
The Torah does not mention Rosh Hashanah, but calls for a memorial of blowing the Shofar as a wake-up call – triggering awe – to enhance human behavior, and to remember the events/attitudes which led to the destruction of the two ancient Temples and the subsequent exiles. Rosh Hashanah is also called “Yom Te’roo’ah” (the day of blowing the Shofar). Shofar (שופר) is a derivative of the Hebrew word for enhancement (שפור), which requires humility, symbolized by the bent and non-decorated Shofar.